Article

중학교 2학년 영어 교과서 대화문 분석과 학습 영향 연구 - 요청과 거절 -

홍서연1, 김해동2
Suh-Yeon Hong1, Hae-Dong Kim2
Author Information & Copyright
1남서울중학교 교사
2한국외국어대학교 교수
1Teacher, NamSeoul Middle School
2Professor, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

ⓒ Copyright 2006, Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Apr 15, 2006 ; Revised: May 15, 2006 ; Accepted: May 24, 2006

Published Online: Jun 30, 2006

요약

본 연구는 의사소통기능 중 요청과 거절이라는 대화의 인접쌍(adjacency pairs)을 중심으로, 1) 원어민이 구사하는 다양한 요청과 거절의 표현 유형과 우리나라 중학교 2학년 영어 교과서 대화문에 제시된 표현을 빈도상 비교 분석하며, 2) 실제 학습자들이 어떠한 요청과 거절표현을 주로 사용하는지 조사하는 것에 있다.

분석 결과, Gibbs(1981)가 조사한 원어민들이 주로 사용하는 13개의 요청표현과 중학교 2학년 5 종의 영어 교과서에 가장 많이 제시된 요청표현 빈도 순위에는 차이가 있었다. Beebe, Takahashi와 Uliss-Weltz(1985)에 의해 조사된 원어민의 22가지의 거절유형 중 교과서에는 단 3∼6개 정도의 표현만이 제시되어 있었다. 그리고 원어민들이 자주 사용하는 후회의 표현이나 사과의 표현보다는 직접 거절하는 형태의 유형이 더 많이 제시되어 있었다. 중학교 3학년 124명이 참여한 학습자 반응 분석 결과를 보면, 학생들의 요청과 거절표현의 사용 정도는 교과서에 제시된 요청과 거절표현의 빈도수와 상관관계가 매우 높음을 보였다.

이러한 연구 결과는 학습자들의 의사소통 기능 습득은 교과서의 영향을 많이 받고 있다는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 결국, 우리나라 학습자들이 원어민과 적절한 의사소통을 하기 위해서는 원어민들이 사용하는 다양하고 진정성 있는 요청과 거절표현을 교과서에 포함하여 제작해야 한다는 것이다.

ABSTRACT

This study aims 1) to compare the frequency of request and refusal expressions in dialogs in the second grade middle school English textbooks in Korea with those of native English speakers, and 2) to identify the frequency of request and refusal expressions used by the middle school Korean students of English. For the analysis of the textbooks, various types of request patterns which are identified by Gibbs (1981) and refusal patterns which are verified by Beebe, Takahashi and Uliss-Weltz (1985) are used as referential tools. Five different textbooks were chosen and analysed. A total of 124 students took part in a questionnaire survey asking the use of request and refusal expressions.

The major findings of the study are as follows. First, not all of the thirteen types of request expressions that English native speakers often use were presented throughout the textbooks analysed. The order of the frequency in the request types between the textbooks and Gibbs' (1981) data from English native speakers were different. The average correlation coefficient between the orders was .35, indicating a low level of relationship. Second, among the twenty-three types of refusal expressions, only three to six expressions were presented throughout the five textbooks analysed. Third, the results of the questionnaire survey reveals that there was a high level of correlation in the order of frequency in request and refusal expressions between the students' responses and the textbooks. The correlation coefficient in the expressions of request was computed as r = .69, and the correlation coefficient in the expressions of refusal was computed as r = .81, indicating high levels of relationships.

Based on the findings, the followings are proposed. First, the textbook writers have to develop a type of dialog which may include a variety of authentic expressions of requests and refusals when aiming to improve the target students' discourse communicative competence. Second, both teachers and students should recognize the importance of using various types of request and refusal expressions in an appropriate manner. In other words, it should be necessary for English teachers in Korea to teach not only forms of language but also informations related to expressions of request and refusal. It may eventually help Korean learners to improve their communicative competence.

Keywords: 영어 교과서 분석; 영어 교과서 개발; 학습자 반응; 의사소통능력; 화용론적 능력; 요청과 거절; 대화문; 중학영어
Keywords: materials analysis; textbook development; communicative competence; learner responses; adjacency pairs; dialogs; request and refusal; middle school english